{"id":6356,"date":"2021-06-24T16:49:50","date_gmt":"2021-06-24T16:49:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shampoopoetry.com\/?p=6356"},"modified":"2025-06-21T11:03:54","modified_gmt":"2025-06-21T15:03:54","slug":"5-key-sound-devices-in-poetry-song-lyrics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/novruslit.ru\/en\/sound-devices-in-poetry\/","title":{"rendered":"5 Main Sound Devices in Poetry &amp; English Song Lyrics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Sound devices in poetry<\/strong> are one of the artistic means for creating images. Sound devices appeal to the reader&#8217;s audial imagination, making poems more real and vivid.<\/p>\n<p>The main sound devices in poetry include <em>alliteration<\/em>, <em>assonance<\/em>, <em>consonance<\/em>, <em>cacophony<\/em>, and <em>onomatopoeia<\/em>. In this article, we will consider them all, along with appropriate examples from poems and songs.<br \/>\n<!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>Why do we need sound devices in poetry?<\/h2>\n<p>Authors use <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=sound+devices+poems\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sound devices<\/a> when they want to give their works a special touch and make them more musical. Sound devices are used in prose, but they are much more common in poetry. Due to the concise syntax of the poetic line, any sound play is especially noticeable.<\/p>\n<p>Sound devices are an integral part of creating the right imagery for any <a title=\"20 Types of Poetry with Examples from Song Lyrics\" href=\"https:\/\/novruslit.ru\/en\/types-of-poetry\/\">type of poems<\/a>. When used correctly, sound devices can make reading and reciting poetry more fun. They affect emotions with a special rhythm, various phonetic effects, and unexpected rhymes.<\/p>\n<h2>What are sound devices in English poetry?<\/h2>\n<p>Sound devices in English poetry are directly related to the peculiarities of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=english+phonetics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English phonetics<\/a>, the most important of which is the variety of pronunciation options for the same characters. The same letter or letter combination can produce different sounds; as a result, there are many more sounds in the English language than letters: 43 versus 26. So, keep in mind that in <em>alliteration<\/em>, <em>assonance<\/em>, and <em>consonance<\/em> it is the same sounds that are taken into account, not letters.<\/p>\n<p>Now let&#8217;s take a closer look at the 5 most popular sound devices in poetry.<\/p>\n<h2>What is alliteration?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Alliteration<\/strong> is the repetition of the same sound at the beginning of two or more words in the same line. The term <em>alliteration<\/em> comes from the Latin &#8220;littera&#8221;, which literally means &#8220;a letter of the alphabet.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>In this sound device, the words starting with the same sound are euphonious with each other, so alliteration is also called the <em>initial rhyme<\/em>. This is an example of alliteration from Shakespeare&#8217;s &#8220;Romeo and Juliet&#8221;:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>F<\/b>rom <b>f<\/b>orth the <b>f<\/b>atal loins of these two <b>f<\/b>oes<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>And here is another one from Rudoy&#8217;s <a title=\"Rhyming Love Poetry for Her by D. Rudoy\" href=\"https:\/\/novruslit.ru\/en\/love-poems\/\">love poem<\/a> &#8220;The Hearless Muse&#8221;:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>G<\/strong>rabbing the <strong>g<\/strong>unned and <strong>g<\/strong>uarded<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>Alliteration in poetry<\/h3>\n<p>In classical poetry, the meter is often key (for example, the aforementioned line from Romeo and Juliet is written in <a href=\"https:\/\/novruslit.ru\/en\/iambic-pentameter-examples\/\">iambic pentameter<\/a>). So, for alliteration to be harmonious, its <em>repeating sounds must occur at the beginning of the stressed syllables<\/em> even if they are not the word&#8217;s first. Consider this example of alliteration from James Thomson&#8217;s &#8220;The Castle of Indolence&#8221;:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Dragging the <b>l<\/b>azy <b>l<\/b>anguid <b>l<\/b>ine a<b>l<\/b>ong.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>This is also iambic pentameter, which forces the emphasis on the first syllable of &#8220;dragging&#8221;, and even though the &#8220;l&#8221; sound is not the first in the word &#8220;along&#8221;, the alliteration works because the initial &#8220;a&#8221; is an unstressed syllable.<\/p>\n<p>The main functions of alliteration in poetry include:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Alliteration draws the attention of readers or listeners to the sound of the phrase, not to its meaning.<\/li>\n<li>Alliteration allows the thematical linking of cornerstone words throughout the poem.<\/li>\n<li>Alliteration creates a specific mood.\n<ul>\n<li>Although a wide range of words can be used for description, some sounds have certain inherent connotations, and repetition enhances this effect. For example, the sound &#8220;s&#8221; in the words &#8220;sea&#8221;, &#8220;silver&#8221; makes us pronounce them in a half-whisper and can give an atmosphere of mystery, solemnity, or intimacy, depending on the context. In contrast, &#8220;explosive&#8221; consonants such as &#8220;b&#8221; and &#8220;p&#8221; can inflate the tempo and make the text harsh to the ear.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Alliteration gives the verse melody and rhythm, especially when reading aloud.\n<ul>\n<li>The perfect rhyme is hard to find, so alliteration can be a good alternative for adding <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=euphony\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">euphony<\/a> to a verse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Alliteration examples in poetry<\/h3>\n<p>Alliteration is one of the most popular sound devices in poetry. Many examples of alliteration were found in Old English. In the famous poem &#8220;The Raven&#8221; by Edgar Allan Poe, alliteration is widely represented:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, <b>w<\/b>eak and <b>w<\/b>eary,<br \/>\nOver many a <b>q<\/b>uaint and <b>c<\/b>urious volume of forgotten lore,<br \/>\nWhile I <b>n<\/b>odded, <b>n<\/b>early <b>n<\/b>apping, suddenly there came a tapping.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In this passage, alliteration only pairs and groups words within each separate line. However, by using alliteration in successive lines Poe successfully sets the rhythm for the entire poem (which is quite lengthy):<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>D<\/b>eep into that <b>d<\/b>arkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing<br \/>\n<b>D<\/b>oubting, <b>d<\/b>reaming <b>d<\/b>reams no mortal ever <b>d<\/b>ared to <b>d<\/b>ream before.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Many examples of alliteration can be found in Samuel Taylor Coleridge&#8217;s &#8220;The Rime of the Ancient Mariner&#8221;:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The <b>f<\/b>air breeze blow, the white <b>f<\/b>oam <b>f<\/b>lew,<br \/>\nThe <b>f<\/b>urrow <b>f<\/b>ollowed <b>f<\/b>ree;<br \/>\nWe were the <b>f<\/b>irst that ever burst<br \/>\nInto that <strong>s<\/strong>ilent <strong>s<\/strong>ea.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&#8230; and in Robert Frost&#8217;s &#8220;Birches&#8221;, where the crackling &#8220;cr&#8221; or rustling &#8220;sh&#8221; create a special atmosphere:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>They <b>c<\/b>lick upon themselves<br \/>\nAs the breeze rises, and turn many-<b>c<\/b>olored<br \/>\nAs the stir <b>c<\/b>racks and <b>c<\/b>razes their enamel.<br \/>\nSoon the sun\u2019s warmth makes them <b>sh<\/b>ed <b>c<\/b>rystal <b>sh<\/b>ells<br \/>\n<b>Sh<\/b>attering and avalanching on the snow-<b>c<\/b>rust\u2014<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Just to demonstrate how popular alliteration is among the sound devices in poetry, here are more examples of it:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>I heard a fly buzz when I died;<br \/>\nThe <b>st<\/b>illness round my form<br \/>\nWas like the <b>st<\/b>illness in the air<br \/>\nBetween the heaves of <b>st<\/b>orm\u2026<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/novruslit.ru\/en\/8-female-poets-who-changed-poetry-forever\/#Emily_Dickinson\">Emily Dickinson<\/a>, &#8220;I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>The free <b>b<\/b>ird thinks of another <b>b<\/b>reeze<br \/>\nAnd the <b>t<\/b>rade winds <b>s<\/b>oft through the <b>s<\/b>ighing <b>t<\/b>rees<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/novruslit.ru\/en\/8-female-poets-who-changed-poetry-forever\/#Maya_Angelou\">Maya Angelou<\/a>, &#8220;The Caged Bird&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Note that the second line in the last example uses mirror alliteration: &#8220;t&#8221; &#8220;s&#8221; &#8212; &#8220;s&#8221; &#8220;t&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h2>What is assonance?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Assonance<\/strong> is a phonetic device whose essence is the repetition of the same vowel sounds in a line. The origin of the word &#8220;assonance&#8221; is Latin where &#8220;assonare&#8221; means &#8220;to sound.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Usually (but not always) assonant vowels occur in the middle of words. At the same time, the letters that convey the same sounds can be different &#8211; it will still be assonance. As an example, let&#8217;s take a tongue twister that became a line from the musical &#8220;My Fair Lady&#8221;:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The r<b>ai<\/b>n in Sp<b>ai<\/b>n st<b>ay<\/b>s m<b>ai<\/b>nly in the p<b>lai<\/b>n.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper fourthree\" style=\"width:420px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_uVmU3iANbgk\"><div id=\"lyte_uVmU3iANbgk\" data-src=\"\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/uVmU3iANbgk\/hqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/uVmU3iANbgk\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/uVmU3iANbgk\/0.jpg\" alt=\"YouTube video thumbnail\" width=\"420\" height=\"295\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:420px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<h3>Assonance in poetry<\/h3>\n<p>The main function of assonance in poetry is to create rhythm. The repetitive stressed vowels make the phrase flow smoothly. This helps the listener to perceive the combination of words as a whole and memorize better them. This is why assonance is often used in proverbs, tongue twisters, and advertising slogans.<\/p>\n<p>Assonance also helps to set the mood of the phrase. It is believed that long vowels slow down the tempo and add drama. In particular, the long sound [u\u02d0], reminiscent of the hooting of an owl, can be quite dark or eerie. Perhaps it is this sound in the word &#8220;moon&#8221; that creates a special atmosphere in <a title=\"10 Famous English &amp; American Poems About the Moon\" href=\"https:\/\/novruslit.ru\/en\/poems-about-the-moon\/\">poetry about the moon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Short vowels, on the other hand, are usually more &#8220;lively&#8221; and lighter. Remembered that assonance, like other poetic sound devices, is good only within reasonable limits, and with excessive use, it can lose its power.<\/p>\n<h3>Assonance examples in poetry &amp; songs<\/h3>\n<p>Let&#8217;s start with an assonance example from Robert Frost&#8217;s poem &#8220;Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening&#8221; (1922):<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>He gives his harn<b>e<\/b>ss b<b>e<\/b>lls a shake<br \/>\nTo ask if there is s<b>o<\/b>me mistake.<br \/>\nThe only <b>o<\/b>ther sound\u2019s the sw<b>ee<\/b>p<br \/>\nOf easy wind and downy flake.<br \/>\nThe woods <b>a<\/b>re l<b>o<\/b>vely, d<b>a<\/b>rk and d<b>ee<\/b>p,<br \/>\nBut <b>I<\/b> have promises to k<b>ee<\/b>p,<br \/>\nAnd m<b>i<\/b>les to go before <b>I<\/b> sl<b>ee<\/b>p,<br \/>\nAnd m<b>i<\/b>les to go before <b>I<\/b> sl<b>ee<\/b>p.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Here, we see how the repetitive sounds in the middle of the lines complement the rhyming endings, heightening the tense atmosphere of the poem.<\/p>\n<p>Edgar Alan Poe, a big proponent of sound devices in poetry, often used assonance in his works:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Once upon a midnight dr<b>ea<\/b>ry, while I pondered, w<b>ea<\/b>k and w<b>ea<\/b>ry,<br \/>\nOver many a quaint and c<b>u<\/b>rious vol<b>u<\/b>me of forgotten lore \u2014<br \/>\nWhile I nodded, n<b>ea<\/b>rly n<b>a<\/b>pping, suddenly there came <b>a<\/b> t<b>a<\/b>pping,<br \/>\n<b>A<\/b>s of some one gently r<b>a<\/b>pping, r<b>a<\/b>pping at my chamber door.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The Raven&#8221;, 1845<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Here&#8217;s a line by Robert Louis Stevenson where the short &#8220;u&#8221; sounds evoke melancholy:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>And from all around the haven the cr<b>u<\/b>mbling th<b>u<\/b>nder of seas\u2026<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The Feast of Famine&#8221;, 1890<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Interestingly, <em>crumbling thunder<\/em> is also an example of <em>onomatopoeia<\/em>: a poetic sound device we&#8217;ll consider later.<\/p>\n<p>We noted above that assonance helps make a phrase more memorable. Because of this, examples of assonance in poetry are often found in pop culture. Consider Rhianna&#8217;s &#8220;Diamonds&#8221;:<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper fourthree\" style=\"width:420px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_1WifEFI6eK8\"><div id=\"lyte_1WifEFI6eK8\" data-src=\"\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/1WifEFI6eK8\/hqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/1WifEFI6eK8\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/1WifEFI6eK8\/0.jpg\" alt=\"YouTube video thumbnail\" width=\"420\" height=\"295\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:420px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Sh<b>i<\/b>ne br<b>i<\/b>ght l<b>i<\/b>ke a d<b>ia<\/b>mond<br \/>\n\/\/<br \/>\nWe\u2019re l<b>i<\/b>ke d<b>ia<\/b>monds in the sk<b>y<\/b><br \/>\n\/\/<br \/>\nI saw the l<b>i<\/b>fe ins<b>i<\/b>de your <b>eye<\/b>s<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>As you can see, here in different letter combinations the same vowel sound [ai] is transmitted.<\/p>\n<p>In rap and hip-hop, assonance comes to the fore. In these musical genres, the \u201cflow\u201d of words, their rhythm and cadence are crucial. Therefore, the consonance of words prevails over strict rhyme.<\/p>\n<p>Rap songs often contain a few imperfect inner rhymes based on assonance and other sound devices. Sometimes the singer emphasizes and exaggerates vowels to the point where the words sound like they&#8217;re actually rhyming.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s an example from Eminem&#8217;s song &#8220;Lose Yourself&#8221;:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Oh<\/b>, there goes Rabbit, he ch<b>o<\/b>ked<br \/>\nHe\u2019s s<b>o<\/b> mad, but he w<b>o<\/b>n\u2019t give up that easy, n<b>o<\/b><br \/>\nHe w<b>o<\/b>n\u2019t have it, he kn<b>o<\/b>ws his wh<b>o<\/b>le back\u2019s to these r<b>o<\/b>pes<br \/>\nIt d<b>o<\/b>n\u2019t matter, he\u2019s d<b>o<\/b>pe.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper fourthree\" style=\"width:420px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe qsa_\\&amp;start\\=78\" id=\"WYL_tR1ECf4sEpw\"><div id=\"lyte_tR1ECf4sEpw\" data-src=\"\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/tR1ECf4sEpw\/hqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/tR1ECf4sEpw\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/tR1ECf4sEpw\/0.jpg\" alt=\"YouTube video thumbnail\" width=\"420\" height=\"295\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:420px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<h2>What is consonance?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Consonance<\/strong> is a poetic sound device where the same consonant sounds are repeated at the end of a word or stressed syllable. This distinguishes consonance from alliteration where sounds are repeated at the beginning of words. Here is an example of consonance in poetry from Shakespeare&#8217;s &#8220;Sonnet 64&#8221;:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Whe<b>n<\/b> I have see<b>n<\/b> the hu<b>n<\/b>gry ocea<b>n<\/b> gai<b>n<\/b>\u2026<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The word &#8220;consonance&#8221; comes from the Latin &#8220;consonantem&#8221;, which means &#8220;agreement in sound.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>Consonance in poetry<\/h3>\n<p>Poets often use consonance to make a phrase more interesting, to grab the attention of a listener, or to reinforce a syllable.<\/p>\n<p>Consonance as part of the sound devices in poetry can also complement the rhyme, give the verse musicality, which is why it is popular among rap and hip-hop artists. Consonance is a key ingredient of the so-called \u201cimperfect rhyme\u201d where words sound similar but don&#8217;t actually rhyme.<\/p>\n<p>Contrary to its nicknames, &#8220;imperfect rhyme&#8221; (or &#8220;lazy rhyme&#8221;) can produce rich and complex poetry. Poets using the consonance technique have a wider range of words in their arsenal, creating unexpected combinations.<\/p>\n<h3>Examples of consonance in poetry<\/h3>\n<p>Here is an example of consonance in poetry from &#8220;The Tyger&#8221; by William Blake:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Ty<b>g<\/b>er Ty<b>g<\/b>er, bu<b>r<\/b>ning b<b>r<\/b>igh<b>t<\/b>,<br \/>\nIn the fo<b>r<\/b>ests of the nigh<b>t<\/b>;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>We see how the repetition of the sounds &#8220;g&#8221;, &#8220;r&#8221; allows strengthening the poem&#8217;s rhythm in addition to its rhyme. In the next stanza, the sounds &#8220;t&#8221; and &#8220;d&#8221; seem to imitate the beating of the heart that the poet refers to:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>An<b>d<\/b> wha<b>t<\/b> shoulder, &amp; wha<b>t<\/b> ar<b>t<\/b>,<br \/>\nCoul<b>d<\/b> twis<b>t<\/b> the sinews of thy hear<b>t<\/b>?<br \/>\nAn<b>d<\/b> when thy hear<b>t<\/b> began to bea<b>t<\/b>,<br \/>\nWhat drea<b>d<\/b> han<b>d<\/b>? &amp; wha<b>t<\/b> drea<b>d<\/b> fee<b>t<\/b>?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Another example of consonance in poetry can be found in Emily Dickinson&#8217;s &#8220;Poem 315&#8221;. Here, using the &#8220;l&#8221; sound creates that &#8220;imperfect rhyme&#8221;:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Your breath has time to straighten,<br \/>\nYour brain to bubb<b>l<\/b>e coo<b>l<\/b>,<br \/>\nDea<b>l<\/b>s one imperia<b>l<\/b> thunderbo<b>l<\/b>t<br \/>\nThat sca<b>l<\/b>ps your naked sou<b>l<\/b>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In his famous poem &#8220;Annabelle Lee&#8221;, Edgar Poe also uses this poetic sound device. In the excerpt below, the consonance of &#8220;n&#8221;, &#8220;m&#8221;, and &#8220;l&#8221; create a rocking, lulling rhythm:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>It was ma<b>n<\/b>y a<b>n<\/b>d ma<b>n<\/b>y a year ago,<br \/>\nIn a ki<b>n<\/b>gdo<b>m<\/b> by the sea,<br \/>\nThat a maide<b>n<\/b> there <b>l<\/b>ived who<b>m<\/b> you may know<br \/>\nBy the <b>n<\/b>a<b>m<\/b>e of A<b>nn<\/b>abe<b>l<\/b><b> <\/b><b>L<\/b>ee;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>What is cacophony?<\/h2>\n<p>The word &#8220;<strong>cacophony<\/strong>&#8221; is formed by the fusion of the Greek words &#8220;\u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2&#8221; &#8211; &#8220;bad&#8221; and &#8220;\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03ae&#8221; &#8211; &#8220;sound&#8221;. Cacophony in literature occurs when the natural flow of writing is interrupted by harsh, &#8220;explosive&#8221; sounds that can alter the reader&#8217;s perception of the text. This is the opposite of euphony.<\/p>\n<p>Cacophony in English poetry is achieved with such consonants as B, D, X, Q, Ch, C, T, P, K, and G. A phrase containing several words with these consonants is considered cacophonic. Usually, they go sequentially for a more vivid and memorable effect.<\/p>\n<h3>Cacophony in poetry<\/h3>\n<p>There are various reasons why a poet might resort to cacophony. Her purpose could be to convey a sense of haste, tension, or fear. This sound device is ideal when characters are scared, or going through a hectic experience.<\/p>\n<p>Cacophony helps to depict:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>something oppressive or cruel (war);<\/li>\n<li>chaotic (city street or crowd of people);<\/li>\n<li>unpleasant noises (crackling, knocking, ringing);<\/li>\n<li>dark thoughts and feelings;<\/li>\n<li>fantastic phenomena (see example below).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Despite the fact that cacophony is a combination of consonants inconvenient for pronunciation, it can significantly improve the rhythm of a poem, giving it completeness.<\/p>\n<h3>An example of cacophony in poetry<\/h3>\n<p>An excellent example of cacophonic sound writing is the famous &#8220;Jabberwocky&#8221; by Lewis Carroll. The poem uses many non-existent and meaningless words:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Twas brillig, and the slithy toves<\/p>\n<p>Did gyre and gimble in the wabe;<\/p>\n<p>All mimsy were the borogoves,<\/p>\n<p>And the mome raths outgrabe.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;<b>B<\/b>eware the Ja<b>bb<\/b>erwoc<b>k<\/b>, my son!<\/p>\n<p>The jaws tha<b>t<\/b> <b>b<\/b>i<b>t<\/b>e, the <b>c<\/b>laws tha<b>t<\/b> <b>c<\/b>a<b>tch<\/b>!<\/p>\n<p><b>B<\/b>eware the Ju<b>b<\/b>ju<b>b<\/b> <b>b<\/b>ir<b>d<\/b>, and shun<\/p>\n<p>The frumious <b>B<\/b>an<b>d<\/b>ersna<b>tch<\/b>!&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>As we can see, the use of so many &#8220;plosive&#8221; consonants makes the poem anything but melodious, which is exactly what allows creating an atmosphere of uncertainty, danger, and trepidation.<\/p>\n<h2>What is onomatopoeia?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Onomatopeia<\/strong> is a Latin word, but its origin goes back to the ancient Greek &#8220;\u1f40\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u0390\u03b1&#8221;, which means &#8220;word creation&#8221;. Sometimes onomatopoeia is used synonymously with <em>reflection<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Usually, the sounds of words have nothing to do with their meaning. In the case of onomatopoeia, the opposite is true: words are consonant with what they mean. That is, the combination of sounds in a word imitates the natural sounds of an object or action.<\/p>\n<h3>Onomatopoeia in poetry<\/h3>\n<p>Onomatopeia is a phonetic device whose use in poetry is broader than the usual imitation of the sound. In addition to the well-known onomatopoeic words, onomatopoeia includes word strings that produce a sound effect together. Usually, onomatopoeia in poetry is used along with assonance, consonance, and alliteration. For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>buzzing b<\/strong>ee flew away.<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>s<\/strong>ack fell into the river with a <strong>splash<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>rustling lea<\/strong>ves kept m<strong>e<\/strong> awake.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The English language is replete with onomatopoeic words, from the barking of dogs to the sound of mechanisms: &#8220;bow-wow&#8221;, &#8220;moo&#8221;, &#8220;tick-tock&#8221;, &#8220;ding-dong&#8221; and many others. In poetry and literature, onomatopoeia is used to create vivid and understandable images without excessive verbosity.<\/p>\n<h3>Examples of onomatopoeia in poetry<\/h3>\n<p>Edgar Allan Poe, a master of sound devices in poetry, wrote poems with onomatopoeia, too. Here are lines from &#8220;The Bells&#8221;:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>How they <strong>tinkle, tinkle, tinkle,<\/strong><br \/>\nIn the icy air of night!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>How they <strong>clang<\/strong>, and <strong>clash<\/strong>, and <strong>roar<\/strong>!<br \/>\nWhat a horror they outpour.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In these examples, Poe showed us two opposite bells. At some point, they ring melodiously and softly &#8211; &#8220;tinkle&#8221;. Then the bells &#8220;clang&#8221;, &#8220;clash&#8221; and &#8220;roar&#8221; &#8211; a completely different sound with a stronger effect. Thus, the poet compares the bells with different moods. These onomatopoeia are both visual and audial, and easy to understand.<\/p>\n<p>Here is an example of onomatopoeia from the poem &#8220;Morte d&#8217;Arthur&#8221; by Alfred Tennyson:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>I heard the <strong>ripple<\/strong> washing in the reeds,<br \/>\nAnd the wild water <strong>lapping<\/strong> on the crag.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&#8220;Ripple&#8221; and &#8220;lapping&#8221; help the reader visualize and feel the stormy sea waves crashing against the rocks.<\/p>\n<p>The next example is from the ballad &#8220;The Highwayman&#8221; by Alfred Noyes, which imitates the clatter of horse hooves:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Tlot-tlot; tlot-tlot!<\/strong> Had they heard it?<br \/>\nThe horsehoofs ringing clear;<br \/>\n<strong>Tlot-tlot; tlot-tlot,<\/strong> in the distance?<br \/>\nWere they deaf that they did not hear?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>And here is an extremely onomatopoeia-rich excerpt from Robert Browning&#8217;s &#8220;The Pied Piper of Hamelin&#8221;:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>There was a <strong>rustling<\/strong> that seemed like a <strong>bustling<\/strong><br \/>\nOf merry crowds <strong>justling<\/strong> at pitching and <strong>hustling<\/strong> ,<br \/>\nSmall feet were <strong>pattering<\/strong> , wooden shoes <strong>clattering<\/strong> ,<br \/>\nLittle hands <strong>clapping<\/strong> and little tongues <strong>chattering<\/strong> ,<br \/>\nAnd, like fowls in a farm-yard when barley is <strong>scattering<\/strong> &#8230;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>It depicts young children running joyfully into the street. By using enthusiastic onomatopoeic words, Browning was able to capture the very essence of children&#8217;s excitement.<\/p>\n<p>Onomatopoeia as a sound device is habitually found not only in poetry but also in music. Bobby Darin&#8217;s famous song &#8220;Splish Splash&#8221; imitate various sounds throughout its lyrics:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Splish, splash,<\/strong> I was takin &#8216;a bath<br \/>\n\/\/<br \/>\n<strong>Bing, bang,<\/strong> I saw the whole gang<br \/>\n\/\/<br \/>\n<strong>Flip, flop,<\/strong> they was doin &#8216;the bop<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper fourthree\" style=\"width:420px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_4R53SaiFW9c\"><div id=\"lyte_4R53SaiFW9c\" data-src=\"\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/4R53SaiFW9c\/hqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/4R53SaiFW9c\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/4R53SaiFW9c\/0.jpg\" alt=\"YouTube video thumbnail\" width=\"420\" height=\"295\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:420px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>We examined the 5 key sound devices in poetry and what they are used for by considering their examples in poems and song lyrics. Sound devices play an important role in poetry, allowing the listener to better imagine what is happening and feel the atmosphere intended by the author. Sound devices also give the reader a stronger emotional connection with the text.<\/p>\n<p>If you found this article useful, you may also be interested in <a href=\"https:\/\/novruslit.ru\/en\/how-to-write-poetry\/\">learning how to write poetry<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em>What are you favorite sound devices in poetry? Do you know any unconventional ways of using them? Share your know-hows in the comments!<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sound devices in poetry are one of the artistic means for creating images. Sound devices appeal to the reader&#8217;s audial imagination, making poems more real &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6373,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[18,10,14,15,19,9],"class_list":["post-6356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-essays","tag-edgar-allan-poe","tag-emily-dickinson","tag-robert-frost","tag-robert-louis-stevenson","tag-william-blake","tag-william-shakespeare"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/novruslit.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6356","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/novruslit.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/novruslit.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/novruslit.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/novruslit.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6356"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/novruslit.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6356\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6412,"href":"https:\/\/novruslit.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6356\/revisions\/6412"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/novruslit.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/novruslit.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6356"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/novruslit.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}